Boating Basics: On the Water with Your Vessel

Weather Emergencies

Weather can change very rapidly and create unexpected situations for boat operators. Even meteorologists have trouble predicting rapid weather changes. You should always monitor weather developments. One way is to tune a VHF radio into the frequency.

What to Do If Caught in Severe Weather

Prepare the boat to handle severe weather.

• Slow down, but keep enough power to maintain headway and steering.
• Close all hatches, windows, and doors to reduce the chance of swamping.
• Stow any unnecessary gear.
• Turn on your boat’s navigation lights. If there is fog, sound your fog horn.
• Keep bilges free of water. Be prepared to remove water by bailing.
• If there is lightning, disconnect all electrical equipment. Stay as clear of metal objects as possible.

Prepare your passengers for severe weather.

• Have everyone put on a USCG–approved life jacket (PFD). If passengers are already wearing their PFDs, make sure they are secured properly.
• Have your passengers sit on the vessel floor close to the centerline for their safety and to make the boat more stable.

Decide whether to go to shore or ride out the storm.

• If possible, head for the nearest shore that is safe to approach. If already caught in a storm, it may be best to ride it out in open water rather than try to approach the shore in heavy wind and waves.
• Head the bow into the waves at a 45-degree angle. PWCs should head directly into the waves.
• If the engine stops, drop a “sea anchor” on a line off the bow to keep the bow headed into the wind and reduce drifting while you ride out the storm. In an emergency, a bucket will work as a sea anchor.
• If the sea anchor is not sufficient, anchor using your conventional anchor to prevent your boat from drifting into dangerous areas.

VHF Frequencies Broadcasting NOAA Weather Reports

These are the most commonly used VHF channels on United States waters:

• 162.400 MHz
• 162.425 MHz
• 162.450 MHz
• 162.475 MHz
• 162.500 MHz
• 162.525 MHz
• 162.550 MHz

VHF Channels for Recreational Boaters

Recreational boaters are given access to the VHF channels shown in the table below:

Weather Warning Display Signals

Daytime Flags & Nighttime Lights:	What the Signals Mean:
	Small Craft Advisory: Winds in the range of 21 to 33 knots (24 to 38 mph); create conditions considered dangerous to small vessels
	Gale Warning: Winds in the range of 34 to 47 knots (39 to 54 mph)
	Storm Warning: Winds 48 knots (55 mph) and above. If the winds are associated with a tropical cyclone, this warning forecasts winds of 48 to 63 knots.
	Hurricane Warning: Winds of 64 knots (74 mph) and above; displayed only in connection with a hurricane